PROCEDINGS
OF CONFERENCE ON MARINE PROBLEMS AND SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS COMPASS 2008 in
Maldives
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PREFACE
These
marine problems and their specific
solutions can be discussed and solved in the same pot by the Maldivians and the international experts together at all
levels of administration, science, engineering and practice. The idea of
organizing an International Conference on Marine Problems and Specific
Solutions COMPASS was born with this necessity and is organized by
To
this end, this conference brought together distinguished oceanographers,
engineers, marine scientists, environmentalists, other scientists, disaster
managers, administrative participants and decision makers from different
disciplines for the ultimate purpose of assessing and solving marine problems.
The conference also aims at promoting collaboration between the Government of
Maldives, international organizations and participants. In brief, COMPASS is a
unique interdisciplinary meeting assembling scientists and administrators on
governmental level to discuss marine problems and specific solutions.
The
CD containing full papers with colorful figures is attached to this book for
providing illustrative and useful tool to the users for benefiting more from
the information contained in this book.
ASTERYA
Congress Services Co., DERINSU Underwater Engineering and Consultancy Co., and AYDENIZ
Construction Co. are cheerfully acknowledged for their various and valuable
forms of support to COMPASS, either through travel grants or organizational
funds.
42
international participants from 12 countries and 30 local participants are
kindly acknowledged for their contributions to COMPASS. Special thanks to Ms. Banu
Akman and Ms. Elif Arda for their outstanding efforts which made COMPASS
successful, fruitful and enjoyable.
On behalf of Advisory Board and
Organizing Committee of COMPASS,
Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner
Middle East Technical University
Department of Civil Engineering
Ocean Engineering Reserach Center
June 2008
CONFERENCE PRESIDENT
ADVISORY BOARD
Abdalla, Saleh
(ECMWF UK)
Diposaptono, Subandono (Ministry of Fisheries, Indonesia)
Ergin, Aysen (METU Turkey)
Eskijian, Martin (USA)
Fujima, Koji (
National Defence Academy , Japan)
Güler, Isikhan (Yüksel Proje int. Co., Turkey)
Gusiakov, Viaecheslav ( Novorosibirsk ,
Russia)
Hedges, Terry (University of
Liverpool UK)
Hilmy Ismail (Honorary Consulate of Turkey in Maldives)
Ho Sin Chye (Director
of National Oceanography Directorate , Malaysia)
Imamura, Fumihiko (Tohoku
University , Japan)
Hadibah, Ismail (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Malaysia)
Karadag, Aysem (METU Turkey)
Kong, Laura (UNESCO ITIC USA)
Liu Philip (Univ. of Cornell USA)
Masri, Sami (USC, USA)
Mayerle, Roberto (University
of Kiel , Germany)
Michalef, Anton (University
of Malta)
Mocellin, Jane (UNDP-
Barbados)
Mohamed, Ali (SAARC Coastal Zone
Management Centre , Maldives)
Naseer, Abdulla (Ministry of Fisheries, Agriculture & Marine
Resources, Maldives)
Okal, Emile (Northwestern
University USA)
Pelinovsky, Efim (Nizhnny Novgorod
State University , Russia)
Rabinovich, Alexandr (Canada)
Reeves, Dominic (University of
Plymouth UK)
Satake, Kenji (JMA,
Japan)
Shareef, Mohamed (Ministry
of Planning and National Development of Maldives)
Saleem, Ahmed (Environment
Research Centre , Maldives)
Sumer , Mutlu (Technical University of Denmark , Denmark)
Mohamed Adam, Shiham (Marine
Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries, Agriculture & Marine Resources,
Maldives)
Shuto, Nobuo (Tohoku
University, Japan)
Synolakis, Costas (USC, USA)
Tkalich, Pavel (NUS, Singapore)
Tinti, Stefano (University
of Bologna , Italy)
Titov, Vasily (NOAA, PMEL , USA)
Taymaz, Tuncay (ITU, Turkey)
Vladimir Vladymyrov (IODE
UNESCO- Belgium)
Williams, Allan (University of Glamorgan , UK)
Van der Meer, Jentsje (Van der Meer Consulting, Netherlands)
Yeh, Harry (Oregon
State University, USA)
Yilmaz, Aysen (METU, Turkey)
Yüksel, Yalçin (YTU, Turkey)
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Synolakis, Costas
Sümer, Mutlu
Taymaz, Tuncay
Yalçiner, Ahmet Cevdet
TOPICS OF
COMPASS
COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING, DATA COLLECTION,
ANALYSIS, MODELLING, GUIDELINES FOR ENGINERERING AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES
• Coastal and
ocean hydrodynamics, circulation
• Coastal and ocean engineering
• Design parameters and their determination
• Modeling of coastal, oceanographic, environmental problems
• Coastal sediment transport, shoreline changes, erosion, scour
• Sea level changes, rise and consequences
• Coastal and ocean engineering, coastal utilization and development,
access improvement
• Serviceability, functionality and stability of coastal structures
• Planning, harbor development, privatization, marine transport
• Air-land-ocean interaction, wind and wave climate
• Monitoring of coastal environment
• Innovation in island protection
• GIS Applications
DISASTERS, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCY
• Use of remote
sensing technology and geographic information systems in disaster management
• Geography, geology, geophysics, geomorphology, sedimentology;
volcanology
• Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, storm surges, landslides,
marine hazards and coastal disasters
• Assessment, awareness, mitigation, and management of disasters
• Warning systems, national and international cooperation and
collaboration for disaster preparedness
• Training, education, community participation for disaster mitigation
• Risk and risk management
• Social Impact,
• Information Technologies
COASTAL AND OCEAN SYSTEMS AND CONSERVATION
• Coastal,
oceanographic, physical, chemical, biological, ecological, environmental
processes and their consequences
• Coral Ecosystems
• Ecosystem and landscape of remote islands
• Atolls and dynamics in atoll
• Conservation issues, biodiversity, fisheries, aquaculture
• Underwater operations, ship wrecks, habitat protection, endangered species
• Protected areas, marine aqua parks.
INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
• Organizational
arrangements for coastal and ocean management
• Corals, coral islands, beaches, lagoons, reefs, atolls
• Sources and level of pollution, pollution control and remedies
• Legislative, economic and social issues
• Water storage and fresh water management in coral islands
• Agriculture and aquaculture management in small remote islands
• Marine Food Resources
• Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact
• Sustainable development of coral islands
• Safari tourism, tourism planning, management and development
• Marinas, small craft harbors, yachting
CONTENTS
Preface.....................................................................................................................................................
Sea Level Rise and
Vulnerability of Coastal Areas
A. Ergin, G. Ozyurt............................................................................................................................ 1
Analysis of Sea Level
Trends at Maldives with respect to Global Climate Change
P. Tkalich, R. Pokratath.................................................................................................................... 9
Vulnerability and
Adaptation of Ecologically Sensitive Marine Habitats to the Changing Climate
T. Jagtap, V. Kulkarni, X. Verlekar................................................................................................ 15
ECMWF Wind and Wave
Products in the Indian Ocean
S. Abdalla, P. Janssen, J.R. Bidlot.................................................................................................. 17
Serviceability,
Functionality and Stability of Port/Harbor Structures
M. Eskijian....................................................................................................................................... 27
Real Time Monitoring and
Forecasting System for Coastal Zones
P. Tkalich, E.S. Chan, V. Pallyil, K. Roopsekhar, P.
Zemskyy, D. K. Raju, O. Nesterov, T. M. Sin, S. Y. Liong............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Monitoring and Modeling
Lagoon City
F.Al-Hulail....................................................................................................................................... 39
Similarity Criteria for
Coastal Movable Bed Models
A. Gunyakti, A. Gunyakti................................................................................................................ 47
Numerical Study on Density
Effect of Solid Material on the Tsunami Source
A.C. Yalciner, I.Insel, F. Imamura................................................................................................. 53
Experimental and Numerical
Study of Tsunami Forces Acting on a Group of Buildings
Y. Shigihara, C. Simamora, K. Fujima.......................................................................................... 57
Tsunami Warning System in
Singapore
C. H. Kek , N. T. Chinh, N. Suresh, P. Zemskyy,D. K. Raju and P.
Tkalich............................... 63
Combined
Effect of Island Topography and Reef Morphology in Dissipating Tsunami Wave
Energy in
M. Riyaz, K.H. Park, M. Ali, H. Kan............................................................................................... 71
An Estimation Method to
Assess Potential Tsunami Exposure Along at-Risk Coastal Communities
S.Koshimura.................................................................................................................................... 79
Tension in a Mooring Rope
of Small Boat Under the Influence of Tsunami
K. Fujima, M. Saito......................................................................................................................... 81
Some
Analytical Solutions in Tsunami Wave Runup Theory
I. Didenkulova, E. Pelinovsky......................................................................................................... 87
Verification and
Standardization of Tsunami Numerical Models
C. Ozer, A. C. Yalciner.................................................................................................................... 93
The Effect of Giant Sanriku
Tsunamis in the Southeast Asia and Pacific Countries
T. Takahashi.................................................................................................................................... 99
Tsunami Propagation around
and Inside Tuzla Harbor Constructed in the North-East of Marmara in Turkey
A. Hayir, H.K. Cigizoglu................................................................................................................ 101
Seismic Gap at Western
sumatra and Propagation of Possible Tsunami towards Western Indian Ocean
A.C. Yalciner, U. Kuran, F. Imamura, C. Satioglu, I. Insel,
D. Dilmen, S. Disposaptono, M. Shareef 109
The 28 November 1945
Tsunami in the Makran Subducion Zone with Emphasşze on the Far-field
Effects
M. Heidarzadeh, M. Pirooz, A.C. Yalciner.................................................................................... 119
The Activities and Achievements of Environmental
Protection Agency for Special Areas (EPASA) Turkey
O. Kirac (Keynote Speaker)........................................................................................................... 125
Satellite Monitoring of Land Cover in Temperate Mediterranean Coastal Wetlands
H. Alphan....................................................................................................................................... 135
A Complete Study on the
Determination of Yacht Carrying Capacity in Gocek Bay ( Fethiye-Gocek Spacial
Environment Protection Area)
G.B. Ozden..................................................................................................................................... 141
Supply Chain Management in
the Yacht Building Industry
F. Yercan, F. Bates........................................................................................................................ 151
Nitrogen Cycling in an
Anoxic Basin: The Black Sea as a Unique Example
A. Yilmaz........................................................................................................................................ 161
Wave Data Assimilation Using
Optimal Interpolation in ındian Waters
M.G. Goldstein, S.A. Sannasiraj................................................................................................... 169
Development of GIS Based
Inundation maps for Fethiye Town, Turkey
D.I. Dilmen, A.C.Yalciner, A. Zaytsev, A. Chernov, C. Ozer,
I. Insel, E. Pelinovsky, A. Kurkin,
H. Karakus, U. Kanoglu, F. Imamura ........................................................................................ 173
Populating a Marine Spatial
Data Infrastructure-Technologies and Standards
P. Hobson....................................................................................................................................... 183
Alternative
Coastal Protection and Amenity Provision Using Multi-Function Sand
Filled Container Structures
Angus Jackson, Gary Mocke, Francois Smit, Bobbie Corbett, Simon
Restall, David Markham 195
Modeling of Hydrodynamic
and Water Quality Processes in Singapore Coastal Zones
S. Palani, D. My Ha, P. Tkalich.................................................................................................... 201
Hydraulic Characteristics
of Buoyancy-Driven Vertical Pilling Breakwater
T. Arikawa...................................................................................................................................... 207
New Seismic Design
Approaches for Block Type Quay Wall
H. Karakus, A. Ergin, I. Guler...................................................................................................... 209
Assessment of Wave
Tranquality and Layout Optimization for the Proposed Deepwater Port at
Krishnapatnam
K. Raveenthiran, T.A.N. Sugandika, D.P.L. Ranasinghe, S.P.
Samarawickrama, M.A.R. Ansari, M. Mendis........................................................................................................................................................... 221
A Laboratory Study of Wave
Condiyions Around an Elliptical Island
F.I Al-Hulail................................................................................................................................... 229
Toe Erosion of Vertical
Marine Structures due to Wave Action
A.Gunyakti, A. Gunyakti............................................................................................................... 235
POSTERS
Impacts of Atmospheric
Nutrients Deposition on Aquatic Ecosystems
S. Palani, R. Balasubramanian, P. Tkalich.................................................................................. 243
Field based Data Collection
Techniques for Developing a High Resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data
D.K. Raju....................................................................................................................................... 249
Index.................................................................................................................................................. 255